Sob老师，拜读了您推荐的综述 relativistic effects in chemistry: more common than you thought (Pyykko)，里面有些专业术语不懂，所以来请教一下您。
关于直接和间接相对论效应，有一段话如下
Analyzing the direct effects on the valence electrons themselvesas a function of the distance from the nucleus, r, Schwarz found that a large part of the relativistic changes comes from the innermost half-wave (i.e. the 1s domain for a valence ns orbital, and so on)...... For a valence np shell, most of the SO arises from the innermost, 2p-like domain. Because the part of the total norm in this first half-wave decreases roughly as Z^-2, the hydrogen-like Z^4 increases is cut to an appro. Z^2 one in the valence shell for similar systems.
1. 首先，里面的half-wave是什么意思啊？是不是最内层的轨道啊，比如1s 2p？是不是说这个1s轨道的相对论效应对外层ns轨道的影响最大呢？
2. 轨道对应的Z^4和Z^2都是指什么呢？内层和价层轨道能级的变化趋势吗？按照同周期来看还是按照同族的顺序来看呢？
也就是说内层电子的相对论效应随核电荷数变化较大，价层电子随核电荷数变化较小了？
另外，那个halfwave是指什么？为什么说Because the part of the total norm in this first half-wave decreases roughly as Z^-2
谢谢李老师