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最近在老师的指导下算了一个HSE06能带的合作项目,在这里分享一下一些步骤。也希望大家帮忙指点改进,体系是CdTe cubic phase.
1. 首先是结构优化:
因为体系比较简单,我用了两种优化方式;
(1) ISIF=7直接优化,对于简单的体系可以这么用,INCAR如下:
Startparameters for structure optimization
# Gloabal paramters
ISTART = 0 # Read existing wavefunction =1
ICHARG = 2 # Default=2 if ISTART=0. Non-self-consistent: GGA/LDA band structures, =11
LWAVE =.FALSE. # Write WAVECAR or not
# Parallelisation
LPLANE = .FALSE. # Real space distribution; supercells
NCORE = 5 # Max is no. nodes; don't set for hybrids##
# NSIM = 1 # Divides k-grid into separate groups
KPAR = 2 # Divides k-grid into separate groups
# NPAR = 4 # Divides k-grid into separate groups
# Electronic relaxation
PREC = Normal # Precision level, Normal or High
LREAL = .FALSE. # Auto for molecule containing for than 20 ionics
ENCUT = 500 # Cut-off energy for plane wave basis set, in eV, default=max ENMAX in POTCAR,for bulk structure relaxation, ENCUT=1.3 * default
NELM = 60 # Max SCF steps
NELMIN = 5 # MIN SCF steps
EDIFF = 1E-05 # SCF energy convergence, this number is quite precise
ISPIN = 1 # Closed shell DFT
# Ionic relaxation
EDIFFG = -0.01 # Ionic convergence; eV/AA^3
NSW = 1000 # MAX Inonic relaxation steps
ISIF = 7 # For single point enegy
IBRION = 2 # = -1 for NSW = -1 or 0
ISMEAR = 0 # Gaussian smearing; metals:1
SIGMA = 0.05 # Smearing value in eV; metals:0.2
(2)使用BM方程,改变POSCAR中的晶胞缩放系数,计算单点能。可以参考Ex33 晶格参数的确定(Birch-Murnaghan状态方程-1) | Learn VASP The Hard Way (bigbrosci.com)。 将计算出来的单点能进行拟合(二次曲线),找到能量最低点。在本案例中,这种方法比(1)中计算出来的晶格参数更加稳定,能量更小。但是也需要注意,PBE泛函方法优化的晶格参数往往会过大或者过小的偏离实验值,这个是正常的。这里贴一个单点能计算的INCAR,晶格缩放系数为1.0
Startparameters for structure optimization
# Gloabal paramters
ISTART = 0 # Read existing wavefunction =1
ICHARG = 2 # Default=2 if ISTART=0. Non-self-consistent: GGA/LDA band structures, =11
LWAVE =.FALSE. # Write WAVECAR or not
# Parallelisation
LPLANE = .FALSE. # Real space distribution; supercells
NCORE = 5 # Max is no. nodes; don't set for hybrids##
# NSIM = 1 # Divides k-grid into separate groups
KPAR = 2 # Divides k-grid into separate groups
# NPAR = 4 # Divides k-grid into separate groups
# Electronic relaxation
PREC = Normal # Precision level, Normal or High
LREAL = .FALSE. # Auto for molecule containing for than 20 ionics
ENCUT = 500 # Cut-off energy for plane wave basis set, in eV, default=max ENMAX in POTCAR,for bulk structure relaxation, ENCUT=1.3 * default
NELM = 60 # Max SCF steps
NELMIN = 5 # MIN SCF steps
EDIFF = 1E-05 # SCF energy convergence, this number is quite precise
ISPIN = 1 # Closed shell DFT
# Ionic relaxation
EDIFFG = -0.01 # Ionic convergence; eV/AA^3
NSW = 0 # MAX Inonic relaxation steps
ISIF = 2 # For single point enegy
IBRION = -1 # = -1 for NSW = -1 or 0
ISMEAR = 0 # Gaussian smearing; metals:1
SIGMA = 0.05 # Smearing value in eV; metals:0.2
2. PBE泛函进行自洽计算
得到WAVECAR,为之后的HSE能带计算做准备。(为什么不进行HSE自洽楼上已经说得很清楚了)
3. 确定HSE中的AEXX参数,即确定HF泛函在hybird function中所占的比例。
vasp中默认AEXX=0.25,但是这个数字计算出来的band gap往往和实验值对不上。所以就要像1中一样,调控AEXX的大小,使算出来的band gap和实验值一致。计算band gap最好使用原胞,原子少。一般band gap与AEXX的关系是线性的,大家只需要找到合适的值就好。在这里贴一个hse计算能带的INCAR,请注意要读取上一步的wavecar。
# Gloabal paramters
ISTART = 1 # Read existing wavefunction =1
ICHARG = 1 # Default=2 if ISTART=0. Non-self-consistent: GGA/LDA band structures, =11
LWAVE =.FALSE. # Write WAVECAR or not
# Parallelisation
LPLANE = .FALSE. # Real space distribution; supercells
NCORE = 4 # Max is no. nodes; don't set for hybrids##
# NSIM = 1 # Divides k-grid into separate groups
KPAR = 4 # Divides k-grid into separate groups
# NPAR = 4 # Divides k-grid into separate groups
# Electronic relaxation
PREC = Normal # Precision level, Normal or High
# LREAL = Auto # Auto for molecule containing for than 20 ionics
ENCUT = 500 # Cut-off energy for plane wave basis set, in eV, default=max ENMAX in POTCAR,for bulk structure relaxation, ENCUT=1.3 * default
NELM = 60 # Max SCF steps
NELMIN = 5 # MIN SCF steps
EDIFF = 1E-05 # SCF energy convergence, this number is quite precise
ISPIN = 1 # Closed shell DFT
# Ionic relaxation
# EDIFFG = -0.02 # Ionic convergence; eV/AA^3
NSW = 0 # MAX Inonic relaxation steps
ISIF = 2 # For single point enegy
IBRION = -1 # = -1 for NSW = -1 or 0
ISMEAR = 0 # Gaussian smearing; metals:1
SIGMA = 0.05 # Smearing value in eV; metals:0.2
# Hybrid Functional
LHFCALC = .TRUE.
HFSCREEN = 0.2
AEXX = 0.25
TIME = 0.4
PRECFOCK = Fast
4. 经过3中的筛选得到合适的AEXX,接下来对于这个体系的一些其他变化(例如晶胞膨胀缩小对band gap的影响),也可以使用同样的AEXX。
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